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Persian Lit Essay Outline
created by Ahmed | 28/03/2009 @ 05:09 PM | 16 views
Persian Lit Outline
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Introductory Paragraph
Topic Sentence: The short stories give an insight into the private lives of Iranians.
The stories discuss the taboo issues of: poverty, domestic violence, gender inequality, and female sexuality.
Sā'edi's "The Game is Over" -- provides an insight into the poverty stricken world of an Iranian slum and the issues of domestic violence.
Beh’azin's "Snake Stone" -- provides an insight into the relationship of an Iranian married couple, examining issues of gender inequality, female sexuality, and power/authority.
Thesis Statement: The commonality between these stories is that they address social issues that are considered taboo in Persian society. The aim of these stories is not to criticize Iranian society, but to educate the reader of these problems, so that they may address them in their personal lives and within their communities.
Paragraph 1: The Game is Over (Summary/Analysis)
Topic Sentence: This story is about a boy that fools his neighborhood into believing that he fell into a well.
The story is tragic because the boy is suffering from domestic abuse and the only alternative he can think of is to develop an elaborate lie.
Quote 1: “When they see I'm alive and haven't fallen in the well, you don't know how happy they'll be. I think my pa will make peace and not beat me any more.”
The fact that he has to fake his death to avoid future beatings indicates that the boy feels hopeless and he has no one to turn to for support.
Paragraph 2: The Game is Over (Poverty Issues)
The story takes place in what seems to be an Iranian slum neighborhood.
The quality of life is very low as indicated by the lack of an irrigation system, job instability, and children rummaging through garbage dumps.
Quote 2: "We would set out and pass among all the little hovels and plunge into Boy Washer's Hollow, where city garbage trucks dumped refuse, and we would delve into the trash".
The poor economic condition leads to pent up frustration within the head of the household. Hasani's father takes out his frustration on him through physical abuse.
Quote 3: "His father had come home furious from work at noon, he had argued with his boss and had been fired; and when he came home, he had jumped Hasani, and had beaten him as if there were no tomorrow."
A cycle of abuse exacerbated by hard times. Society as a whole abuses the working class men of Iran , who in turn beat their sons. Their sons grow older and perpetuate the abusive cycle..
Paragraph 3: The Game is Over (Domestic Abuse)
Sā'edi makes it seem like domestic violence is a prevalent issue in Iranian society.
Quote 4: “Hasani's father would beat him every night, but my papa would beat Ahmad and me only once or twice a week when he was out of sorts or his business dealings had gone badly”.
There is a sense of tension between the adolescent children and their fathers.
Quote 5: “All of those bastards are cut from the same cloth; there's not a shred of mercy in them”.
The protagonist Hasani naively believes that he can solve his family problems by faking his death.
Tragically, Hasani falls to his death on his way to to his eulogy. Perhaps the author is trying to say that there was no hope for Hasani and other Iranian children like him.
Paragraph 4: Snake Stone (Summary/Analysis)
The story is about a middle aged shoemaker and his his youthful wife.
The wife is at the prime of her youth, but she subconsciously feels discontented with her relationship to her husband.
Quote 6: "My husband would do anything for me, what more could I ask for from a husband?"*
She has frequent encounters with a snake in her home, which she is frightened by. When the snake disappears, she is rewarded with a gold coin.
The snake transforms into a broad shouldered young man, which she fantasizes about when her husband is away from home.
The snake is phallic symbol. Perhaps her encounter with the snake is a metaphor for a brief stint in prostitution or a secret love affair.
She is eventually killed by the snakes venom. Another woman steals her gold coins (what is the author saying about women?).
Paragraph 5: Snake Stone (Power/Authority)
The woman in the story feels the need to be promiscuous, but she hides it from her husband because it is socially unacceptable.
Her sexual encounters with the snake give her a sense of power. The snake is like her masculine organ, the more she explores her sexuality, the more she is rewarded with the gold coins. Gold coins represent status/power.
Quote 7: "That night she made love to her husband more affectionately than ever. She felt like she had to in order to conceal her secret."*
The author is equating the woman's vanity with her self confidence. The woman discovers that her beauty and sexuality can be used as a tool for the manipulation of power/status. She becomes addicted to power/status.
The power/status eventually overcomes her, as the provider of the gold coins is actually a venomous snake. This may be a metaphor for "money is the root of all evil'.
Paragraph 6: Snake Stone (Gender Inequality)
The woman mainly stays in the household throughout the story, Iranian women are expected to be housewives.
There is a large age difference between the woman and her husband. Objectifying the woman.
Perhaps the woman is so infatuated with her looks because it is the only thing she has going for her.
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